Free Older Official ACT Practice Tests

Free Older Official ACT Practice Tests SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There’s one thing that each understudy reading for the ACT certainly needs: practice tests that are practically indistinguishable from what you will look on your test day. Regardless of by what other means you study, we've discovered that most understudies truly advantage from rehearsing by taking the full ACT test severaltimes in as near test-accepting conditions as could reasonably be expected. This is the most ideal approach to get settled with the arrangement, timing and pace, your own perseverance, and approaches to deal with your pressure. So how would you get your hands on enough ACT tests to place yourself in a tough situation for training? In this article, I’ll connection to all the official tests and question sets discharged by ACT, and give you recommendations on where to discover others, with the goal that you have all that anyone could need practice materials to prepare for the ACT. Why Use Old Official ACT Tests to Study? The uplifting news about the ACT is that althoughits configuration has experienced a few changes in the previous barely any years, more seasoned tests are still verysimilar to the one you'll be taking. This implies you should in any case certainly attempt your best to utilize official ACT tests to concentrate rather than the ones composed by different organizations. What Has Changed on the ACT? Despite the fact that the fundamental organization of the ACT has remained the equivalent for as far back as not many decades, ACT, Inc. has made some ongoing modifications. In the first place, the ACT Reading segment presently at times incorporates aset of combined sections, with different decision addresses that thoroughly analyze them. In case you're stressed over this new style of entry, we have some counsel on the most proficient method to approachthe combined section segment of ACT Reading, just as some sympathizing on what makes this piece of the test hard. Second, the ACT Writing area currently includes an extended promptandan expanded spotlight on your capacity to investigate varying perspectives. There have additionally beensome acclimations to the manner in which it's scored. For all the subtleties, read our full breakdown of all progressions on the new improved ACT Writing test. Why Are Official ACT Tests Still Your Best Option? Presently, let me clarify why authority tests are better than those composed by different organizations. Official tests discharged by ACT are comprised of inquiries from more seasoned tests that have been resigned. This implies they’ve experienced a similar composition and altering process as the inquiries you'll see on test day. As it were, they are the genuine article. Then again, different organizations may be acceptable at emulating ACT style, or they probably won't be. In the event that you stick to legitimate ACT tests, you will place yourself in the situation of making a decision about the validness of style, wording, or approach of outsider work. Ifound my actual self inAuthenti City on our last get-away, just aftera fewshocking days in Electri City and a covert operative voyage through Dupli City. Free Official Test Links Here is a rundown of the entirety of the full official ACT tests that have been discharged in the previous 14 years. They are in PDF organization, and you should print them out totake the test on paper simply like you will on test day. Asking why the 14-year list has less than 14 tests? ACT, Inc. discharges a similar practice test quite a while in succession. I’ve incorporated the structure number of each test so you can generally tell whether you’ve as of now observed this test or not. You can discover structure numbers in the base left-hand corner of each ACT test page. ACT Practice Test and Answers (2018-2019)- structure number 74F Test: p-55. Answer key: p57-60. ACT Practice Test and Answers (2015-2016)- structure number 72C Test: p-55. Answer key: p57-62. ACT Practice Test and Answers (2014-2015)- structure number67C Test: p-51 (overlook the exposition). Answer key: p56-62. ACT Practice Test and Answers (20-2012)- structure number64E Test: p13-56 (overlook the exposition). Answer key: p60-65. ACT Practice Test and Answers (2008-2009)- structure number61C Test: p13-55 (overlook the exposition). Answer key: p60-64. ACT Practice Test and Answers (2005-2006)- structure number59F Test: p13-55 (overlook the exposition). Answer key: p60-65. Free Practice Question Sets From ACT Notwithstanding discharging a fullofficial test at regular intervals, ACT, Inc. distributes practice question sets on its site. On the off chance that you countthem, you'll see that these training addresses make up another completeACT. Be that as it may, I don't suggest usingthem for yourtest-day conditions practice meetings. For a certain something, the real test will be in printed copy and not on the web. In addition, on the ACT site, the right responses to the training addresses spring up following you click your answer decision. Trust me, that won't occur on your genuine test booklet. Rather, utilize the online practice questionsto work onskills and to help your solace level with the diverse ACT test segments. 75 ACT English inquiries 60 ACT Math questions 48 ACT Reading questions 40 ACT Science questions 1 ACT Writing brief with 6 reviewed test expositions ACT Question of the Day(keep looking down the page until you see it) Other Potential Official ACT Sources Discover ACTtestsfor free on the internet.There are a lot of legitimate old ACT tests that have not really been distributed by ACT accessible on the web. The majority of these are copies of real past tests, which implies they aren't approved to be dispersed, and that the sites they are on are breaking some licensed innovation and copyright rules. I don't think you'll be at much hazard in the event that you choose to utilize them, yet I'd encourage you not to declare this reality over your school's amplifier. To discover them, run a quest for â€Å"free old act tests† and search for less business destinations. Since you have theform numbers for the approved, you can see which tests you haven’t taken or seen previously. Possibly spare the messengers for reporting your marvelous ACT score, not communicating your web looks for unapproved practice tests. Purchase ACT test books. On the off chance that you have the assets, there are two extraordinary hotspots for ACT tests that you can purchase: The first is the bookThe Official Guide to the ACT, 2019-2020 release. It features5 official ACT tests and expenses about $17 usedon Amazon. You can likewise check whetheryour library has a duplicate simply ensure it doesn't have the appropriate responses composed into it. The second is theACT Online Program. It has two practice tests and expenses $25 from ACT. We would encourage you to avoid their prep material, which is neither modified to you nor composed for the best considering. What’s the Best Way to Use These Tests? Since you've downloaded all the ACT practice tests I connected to above, how would you ensure you're utilizing them in the best and best manner? Here are a few proposals. Work inas near test-day conditions as could be expected under the circumstances. It bodes well that the more practice you have with how the test will really go on the day you take it no doubt, the more set you'll up be: Print the tests out andwork on paper. Work in a peaceful room, without music or different interferences and interruptions. Time yourself savagely and quit chipping away at an area if your time runs out. You have to know whether you are experiencing difficulty with pacing, so you can make sense of how to quit using up all available time on the math, science, perusing, or composing segment. Take the entire thing at a time. It’sa long distance race 4 hours, so you have to become accustomed to it, with justthe breaks that the genuine test with permit Step through the exam this waymore than once. As far as I can tell, the third or fourth time you take it is the point at which you become sofamiliar with the configuration that takingthe testbecomes natural. Audit your answers so as to gain from your slip-ups. When you distinguish issue zones, utilize different sorts of test prep to honeyour abilities (look at our manual for making sense of which ACT prep technique is best for you). An inappropriate spot to take your training test. What’s Next? Need to realize whether to retake the ACT? We can enable you to choose. Thinking about how to read for the ACT? Look at the total examination plan we created to know when you should take the ACT tests and when to contemplate. Peruse our broad guide on the stuff to get a 36 on the ACT, composed by an ideal scorer. Likewise, read our inside and out methodology approaches togetting a 36 on ACT English, ACT Math, ACT Science,ACT Reading, and the ACT Writing exposition. Need to improve your ACT score by 4+ focuses? Download our free manual for the main 5 methodologies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score drastically.

The oppression and seclusion of Muslim women

For a long time, individuals have figured Islam. This is essentially a direct result of its exacting and unyielding laws. Islam, which depends on Sharia laws, rotates around connections. Sharia laws characterize connections among God and man, and between individuals. Islamic laws, which have been in presence throughout the previous 14,000 years, characterize the normal conduct of Muslims, the connections among them and other individuals, and their obligations to God.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The abuse and disconnection of Muslim ladies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, these laws will in general kindness men when contrasted with ladies. This has prompted the persecution and separation of ladies (Abou El Fadl 2001).1 However, headway in innovation and globalization among different variables are basic to Muslim ladies. These channels give the Muslim ladies a stage to voice their feelings. With time, these ladies are increasing more chances to air their sentiments. Today, Muslim ladies in the Arab world and in Western nations can serenely raise issues on issues concerning them. Marriage has been among the key issues influencing Muslim ladies. These ladies have been partaking in banters so as to voice their feelings on issues of marriage plans, techniques, desires, rights, and jobs among different issues. This paper examines the issue of marriage and its significance to Islamic ladies. It thinks about the perspectives on a few creators of Islamic messages on this issue. Much the same as in different religions, marriage is significant in Islam. Islam directs that marriage should just occur between two Muslims, who are of other genders. The man pays for the bride’s settlement and afterward the marriage ceremonies happen. After marriage, the two of them play their jobs while fitting in with the Sharia law. The man bears full authority over his significant other and has an obligation of giving to the spouse, whose obligation is to serve the husband. Islam permits men to wed more than one spouse. Be that as it may, it confines a lady to just one spouse. Marriage is critical to Muslim ladies as it influences them. All things considered, they need to get hitched at one purpose of their lives. Marriage is critical to Islamic ladies as the Islamic laws suggest it. Issues concerning marriage incorporate the normal jobs of ladies, separation, and obligations of spouses among different issues. Ladies need to comprehend issues of union with realize how to approach their marriage issues. They need to realize that how will generally be acceptable spouses, moms, and little girl parents in law. Further, they need to realize how to deal with their homes viably. In this manner, ladies need to see all issues encompassing marriage in Islam so as to appreciate prosperous relationships. Kecia Ali, a creator of Islamic writings, centers around the laws that oversee marriage organizations in Islam. She ten ds to the issues of endowment installments, marriage, subjugation, and the job of ladies in marriage. As indicated by her, ladies have rights to communicate their perspectives on marriage. She recognizes the way that Muslim ladies have sexual needs and wants, which are not thought of. Further, she tends to the issue of persecution of ladies in Islam (Ali 2010). 2Advertising Looking for article on religion religious philosophy? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In her work, Kecia depicts the Islamic man as being better than the Islamic ladies. She draws out the issues of sex and morals expected in Islamic marriage foundations. She shows how these issues favor men over ladies. Kecia thinks about the man as a definitive wellspring of expert in a marriage. She shows this by composing that men go about as the fragmenting factors in relationships. As indicated by her, the man has a duty of battling for his family, securing his fami ly, and guarding the ethicalness of his better half/spouses (Ali 2006).3 Islam, sexual orientation, and social change, a book by Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito addresses the issues of advancement that affect Islamic laws of marriage. They show how the world perspectives Islamic ladies and continue to give their idea of ladies in Islam. They record that strict sacred writings manage the jobs of Islamic ladies. As indicated by them, the Quran and Sharia laws give parameters on the conduct of the people in marriage foundations. They recognize the way that Islam is a male overwhelmed religion and culture. They credit this to the way that highlights of ladies are profane. In light of this, Muslim ladies ought not uncover their bodies or even their voices (Haddad and John 1997).4 These journalists depict God as the wellspring of expert in Islam. As per them, Muslim men just adhere to Gods law, which gives them predominance over ladies. They explain that the Holy Quran is explicit on the privileges of ladies. Abdul-Aziz in her article, â€Å"crisis of male epistemology in Islamic jurisprudence†, clarifies the issues confronting Islamic ladies. She utilizes the Islamic jury framework to clarify her situation on this issue. She archives that in Islam ladies face isolation and disengagement. She composes that men control the laws to work in support of them. In her article, she traits the wellspring of intensity in Islam to God. She utilizes the case of Prophet Muhammad’s family to clarify this. She composes that during the prophet’s time people had full access to the laws. The mantle of taking care of ladies related issues laid on ladies. For example, Aisha, the prophet’s spouse was liable for taking care of issues identified with ladies (Sachedina n.d). 5 Abdul-Aziz is of the supposition that Muslim ladies have equivalent rights to men. For instance, as guardians, sister, siblings, and as family members the two sexual orientations are equiv alent. Thusly, God is a definitive wellspring of power.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The mistreatment and disconnection of Muslim ladies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the articles depict a few similitudes and contrasts as far as the manner in which the articles identify with the Islamic lessons. All the three essayists recognize the authority of God in Islam. Islamic strict teachings and laws plainly express that God is the general expert on the planet. The journalists recognize God’s power by composing that mankind observes the principles that God set up. In any case, the thoughts of these creators shift. Each creator has an alternate methodology with respect to chain of importance of expert in Islam. A portion of the creators contend that men are underdog to God while others are of the assessment that the situation of the two is level. For example, Kecia is of the feeling that men are better than ladies. Abdul-Aziz and Yvonne ascribe all capacity to God. These creators concur that people have equivalent rights. As indicated by Islamic conventions, man and lady are equivalent to God. Since men are new to issues influencing ladies, they ought to permit ladies to deal with issues influencing them. This will guarantee increasingly content and glad ladies. Reference List Ali, Kecia. Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2010. â€. Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur’an, Hadith and Jurisprudence. London: Oneworld, 2006. Abou El Fadl, Khaled. Talking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. London: Oneworld, 2001. Haddad, Yvonne and John Esposito (Ed). Islam, Gender, and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.Advertising Searching for paper on religion religious philosophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Sachedina, Abdulaziz. Emergency of Male Epistemology in Islamic Jurisprudence. n.d. https://www.virginia.edu/. Commentaries 1 Khaled Abou El Fadl,Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. (London: Oneworld, 2001) 384. 2 Kecia Ali, Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2010), 272. 3 Kecia Ali, Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur’an, Hadith and Jurisprudence (London: Oneworld, 2006), 142. 4 Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito (Ed), Islam, Gender, and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 288. 5 Abdulaziz Sachedina, Crisis of Male Epistemology in Islamic Jurisprudence. This article on The persecution and separation of Muslim ladies was composed and put together by client Moira MacTaggert to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

How Bad Credit Can Affect Your Dating Life - OppLoans

How Bad Credit Can Affect Your Dating Life - OppLoans How Bad Credit Can Affect Your Dating Life How Bad Credit Can Affect Your Dating LifeThere are lots of things that people look for in a potential partner, and if you think debt isnt one of those factorsâ€"youre wrong.There are lots of ways that you can negatively affect your dating life. Poor hygiene for one, or an insistence on recapping the entirety of Babylon 5 during your first dates. (That’s fifth date material at the earliest.)And the same goes for your financial life: There are lots of ways to screw it up. You could rack up excessive credit card debt, fail to pay your bills on time, and forego savings, leaving you reliant on short-term bad credit loans (like payday loans and cash advances) when things get tough.And as it turns out, screwing up your financial life and screwing up your dating life could be pretty closely connected: The kinds of behaviors that lower your credit score can also lower your romantic Q score.Payday loans are a real mood killer.A recent report from Nitro Knowledge reveals that most people val ue financial intelligence and responsibility in a potential partner and find debt to be a deterrent from entering into a relationship.When asked to rank which types of debt were most concerning, payday loans were ranked the least acceptable form of debt on average.  That’s likely because taking out a payday loan is one of the riskiest options for borrowing money, indicating a lack of financial responsibility.With exorbitantly high interest rates and short terms, these no credit check loans can easily trap borrowers in a cycle of debt. While they might seem like an easy way to get out of debt fast, one study found that over 80 percent of payday loan borrowers didn’t have enough money to make their payments.Most people are aware that payday loan debt is a bad sign and are hesitant to inform their partners that they have outstanding payday loans.Payday loans, in particular, were a notable concern among respondents, reads the report. 55 percent were worried about revealing this typ e of debt to their significant other, an unease that may be explained by another 62 percent who felt they were judged by a partner for having that particular kind of debt.The 12 million Americans who use payday loans each year are likely to experience dating stress in addition to the financial burden of a payday loan, the report suggests.Credit card debt isnt attractive either.  Those burdened with credit card debt might also find their finances to be a deal-breaker in a relationship.45 percent of survey respondents said they’d stay away from dating anyone who only makes minimum credit card payments each month. And credit card debt exceeding 15 percent of a person’s salary was considered unacceptable to survey respondents.Other types of debt were considered more acceptable in romantic relationships, and at the top of the list was student loan debt. Given that more than 44 million borrowers have outstanding student loan debt, it may not come as a surprise to find out your signifi cant other borrowed money for education.This type of debt also indicates a person’s dedication to educational and career goals, which is likely why it is perceived as acceptable. Mortgage and auto debt came next on the list of most acceptable forms of debt in a romantic relationship.Being overly stingy isnt the answer.Overall, 70 percent of women and 61 percent of men said they would avoid dating someone who spent irresponsibly.But survey respondents did indicate that romantic partners can be too frugalâ€"49 percent of women and 28 percent of men said they wouldn’t likely date someone who scrimped and saved unnecessarily. The data highlight the importance of determining financial compatibility with a potential partner.Talking about money on a first date might be awkward, and that’s likely why 84 percent of respondents said they would wait to discuss personal finance until they were at least dating someone consistently.But avoiding the topic altogether puts undue stress on a re lationship. If you can’t avoid debt altogether, make it a priority to be upfront and honest with your partner about your financial status.How can you improve your financial behavior?A good credit score isn’t everything in life. But when it comes to improving your financial outlook, the sorts of behaviors that lead to good credit are a flat-out great place to start.First, make sure you pay your bills on time. All of them. Your payment history makes up 35 percent of your score, more than any other single factor. If necessary, talk to your creditors about changing your due dates to make sure all your bills don’t come at once, straining your budget.Next, pay down your excess debt, beginning with high-interest consumer debt from credit cards and personal loans. The Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche methods are two fantastic strategies for paying off debt. Your amounts owed makes up 30 percent of your overall credit score.Once your outstanding credit card balances dip below 30 percen t of your total credit limits across all your cards, you should see improvement in your score. Moving forward, try to keep your credit utilization ration below 30 percent at all times.Don’t forget about savings!And while your credit score doesn’t take savings into account, you should also build up an emergency fund. This fund should be kept in cash or in an easily accessible savings account. Either way, the point is that these funds are easily accessible when a surprise bill or financial shortfall strikes.Having a great credit score is great! It lets you borrow better loans at lower rates and forego expensive payday and title loans. But the best way to handle a financial emergency is to already have the necessary funds at your disposal. Even the most reasonable installment loans can’t hold a candle to a well-stocked emergency fund.If this task sounds daunting, don’t worry. Start with a goal of saving $1,000 and go from there. Not only will this save you from taking out an e xpensive online loan when things get tough, but it could also end up being the difference in your romantic life!To learn more about navigating money and relationships, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:12 Tips for Talking About Money With Your Spouse or PartnerShould Income Matter When Choosing a Partner?How to Navigate the Financial Side of DatingShould You and Your Spouse Keep Your Finances Separate?Do you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |Instagram

Brahms Musical Selection Is What I Would Call An Energetic...

Brahms musical selection is what I would call an energetic a confident piece. The tempo was allegretto and then moderato with the dynamics of mezzo forte and mezzo piano. The meter would be duple. The texture is homophonic and polyphonic. The musical instruments that I heard and seen were the bass drum, strings, trumpet, and timpani. This piece reminds me of a show my mother watches called â€Å"Little House on the Prairie.† I pictured the father, Charles jumping on his horse and buggy to go to save one of his children or a friend in need. This piece caused me to sit with anticipation as to what would happen next. Mozart’s first piece tempo was allegro and andante with the dynamics of piano, mezzo piano and mezzo forte. The meter would be duple. The texture was homophonic, polyphonic, monophonic and back to homophonic and polyphonic. The instruments I heard and saw were the piano, flute, strings, bassoon, and French horns. I did not have a thought for this piece. The i mage that came up to me was an older person in their book room sipping on tea and reading the newspaper while relaxing in front of a small fire. The feeling that came up to me was happiness and relaxation. I was actually bobbing my head allowing the music to take me to the place I was picturing in my mind. His andante musical section tempo was andante and moderato. The dynamics are mezzo piano, and mezzo forte. The meter would be duple. The texture was polyphonic and monophonic. The specific instruments that I

Movie Analysis 12 Angry Men - 1404 Words

The group type presented in the film 12 Angry men appears to be a task group. Task groups typically come together to accomplish a specific charge. In this case, their task was to decide a verdict of guilty or not guilty for the boy on trial. According to our text, some feature of this task group would include those listed under the â€Å"teams† category such as appointed leadership and focus on a specific task or charge. The members’ bond is simply there interest in the task, as they have no previous relationship. The composition of the group is based on their common interest, shared purpose, and investment in community through their task on the jury. The communication style began as being relative to the task and low member self-disclosure. I believe near the middle and end of the movie the communication moved into more informal member-to-member discussion, formulation and implementation of tactics and strategies for change. We began to see higher member self-disclosur e in relation to social problems – both under the teams approach. (Toseland Rivas, 2012, p. 30) When considering the leadership found within the group, it appears that the foreman is the appointed group leader from the beginning. There was one instance that the foreman attempted to use a blocking technique to guide the group’s interactions, particularly with juror 10 whom was speaking out of turn and encouraging others to. According to our text, â€Å"Blocking can be used when a member is getting off topic or sayingShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : 12 Angry Men1639 Words   |  7 Pageswithin a diverse group.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of cooperative communities while providing different aspects of leadership. Movie Summary The movie 12 Angry Men is a depiction of a jury deliberation in the 1950’s involving the trial of a teenager that is accused of murdering his father. These twelve men were brought together by a random selection process to make a unanimous decision. In the beginning, all jurors believed the boy to be guilty without a doubtRead More12 Angry Men : Movie Analysis : 12 Angry Men1103 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1957 movie version of 12 angry men, brings twelve people together with different personalities and experiences to discuss the fate of a young boy that allegedly killed his father. At the very beginning many agree that the boy is guilty except for one man. Juror #8 votes not guilty and pushes to have the evidence talked through. Slowly after reviewing all the evidence carefully the eleven to one vote switched from eleven thinking guilty to eleven thinking not guilty. Each juror brought differentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 1891 Words   |  8 PagesT he Decision Analysis Assignment Frank Luu The story of 12 Angry Men begins in a New York City courthouse at the conclusion of a murder trial. The judge order the 12 men of the jury to recess and decide on a guilty or not guilty verdict for a 18 year old boy charged with murdering his father. The judge informs them that a guilty decision by the jury will result in a death sentence for the boy as the judge will not show any leniency. The 12 men are lead to the jury room where they will stay lockedRead More12 Angry Men Movie Analysis782 Words   |  4 PagesTwelve Angry Men Analysis BA 321 Reaching a unanimous vote, beyond a reasonable doubt, was a difficult task for the jurors represented in the film, 12 Angry Men. All but one were convinced the boy on trial was guilty of first degree murder based on eye witness testimony and circumstantial evidence. Uncomfortably hot and sweaty, one intent on getting to a ball game, eleven of the twelve jurors had no intention to stop and think about the life contingent on their verdict. The entireRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 933 Words   |  4 Pages12 Angry Men Overview In the movie of 12 Angry Men, a group of jurors must decide the fate of an inner-city boy, who is charged with killing his father. The case should have been a slam dunk, yet one man (Juror No. 8) in the initial vote cast reasonable doubt over the evidence of the trial. While deliberating their verdict, the details are revealed. Subsequently, the jurors slowly changed their vote to innocent on the basis of doubt. Despite their duty to separate personal matters from the factsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 946 Words   |  4 Pages12 Angry Men For the purpose of this paper I will be using a movie based on a teen male who is on trial for the murder of his father in 1957. There are twelve men on the jury who are from all different areas of society. They have one goal, to decide based on testimony and evidence on whether the accused is guilty or not. The following information is one person’s observation of the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† using the 5 Stages of Group Development. Keywords: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, AdjourningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 1929 Words   |  8 Pages12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. Written and co-produced by Rose himself and directed by Sidney Lumet, this trial film tells the story of a jury made up of 12 men as they deliberate the guilt or acquittal of a defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt, forcing the jurors to question their morals and values. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous. The film is notable for its almostRead MoreMovie Analysis : 12 Angry Men1769 Words   |  8 Pages1. Is this jury a group or team? Does the jury have entitativity? Why or why not? (define and give 2 examples from the movie) (10 points) It can be debated whether the jurors who made up the jury in the film 12 Angry Men comprised of a group or a team. Teams and groups are often terms that are used interchangeable to describe a multitude of gathered individuals. Teams are often thought of as a specific type of group, and essentially they are classified as hypergroups (Forsyth). As discussed inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 2223 Words   |  9 Pages12 Angry Men is a movie centered around a murder case and the 12 men that are in charge of providing a verdict for a kid charged of first degree murder of his own father. In this movie, the characters have to face a long and grueling procedure of figuring out how to charge the kid after a six day long trial and hours long deliberation between the jurors. The film of 12 Angry Men has several key psychological aspects to it that can be accurately and summarily described. In the movie, the jury hasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 1239 Words   |  5 Pageshands, such as a juror, you hope for the best, but that is not always enough. Sometimes there are certain variables, which can impact decisions and alter a person’s life forever. The movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† is a great example of how these variables play a role in determining a person’s innocence. Throughout this movie there were numerous examples of psychological science. The four domains I will focus on are stereotyping, eyewitness testimony, attribution process and problem solving. In the beginning

Human Service Organizations An Exploratory Study By...

professional to succeed. For example, extending awareness to understand that having a spiritual connection can explain why some people succeed in their career better. It is significant to recognize how human service professionals understand their everyday lives (Prosser, Tuckey, Wendt, 2013, pp. 323-324). Empowerment Empowerment is an essential characteristic of human service professionals. It is further studied in the journal article, â€Å"Job Characteristics and Organizational Predictors of Psychological Empowerment among Paraprofessionals within Human Service Organizations: An Exploratory Study† written by Vicki Wallach and Charles W. Mueller (2006). Having work environments that cultivate an empowered work force is vital. As well as, advocating for effective interactions with clients, co-workers, and staff. Although, human service organizations are faced with service obligations within the restrictions of limited financial resources and increasing job demands, they are still interested in empowerment (Wallach Mueller, 2006, p. 96). Human service organizations have central reasons to be focused on their work force empowerment. The profession of social work is developed on the beliefs of empowerment. Also, a parallel process can occur while cultivating client and staff empowerment. Wh en organizations have expectations that staff must provide client services in an empowering manner that may be conditional for the worker on whether they experience an empowering work site.

The Anxiety of Elling free essay sample

The Anxiety of Elling Abstract This paper explores the life of Elling and how he is forced to break through his problem with anxiety. His problems, or symptoms, will be compared to the criteria held by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Elling is a fictional character in a Norwegian film with the same title. I have gained better understanding of the disorder, one of which I have, through the study of this character and his behaviors. Within the paper is a summary of the movie and a comparison as to why I believe Elling would be diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, based off of the DSM criteria. The Anxiety of Elling Fear is an emotion that everyone experiences from time to time throughout his or her life. Fear is part of a biological response to danger. This emotion was programmed into each human being eons ago through evolution to alert us to the presence of danger by releasing adrenaline into our bloodstream , triggering the flight-or-fight response, which alerts us to the presence of danger and enhances our chances of survival. Anxiety itself is a chronic fear, which continues even when the direct threat is not present (Pinel, 2007, p. 494). Anxiety is a common occurrence and emotion in everyday life. Yet there are several individuals today who suffer from great pangs of anxiety and feelings of panic at such extremely high levels that it becomes quite debilitating. A normal, everyday environment can become so overwhelming that the day itself can stop dead in its tracks while the sufferer rides through the wave of intense emotions and thoughts which seem to be going a million miles a minute and showing no signs of stopping or slowing down. Anxiety is a normal reaction to a threatening situation and results from an increase in the amount of adrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system. This increased adrenaline speeds the heart and respiration rate, raises blood pressure, and diverts blood flow to the muscles. These physical reactions are appropriate for escaping from danger but when they cause anxiety in many situations throughout the day, they may be detrimental to a normal lifestyle. Anxiety is part of life; everyone feels it to one degree or another during their lives. However, when that feeling of anxiety starts to take over someones life, or is persistent beyond a certain time in our lives (e. g. a speech in class) then a person may have an anxiety disorder. An anxiety disorder is a disorder where feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety are disruptive or cause distortions in behavior, (Coon, 526); they are psychiatric illnesses that are not useful for normal functioning. At times, an underlying illness or disease can cause persistent anxiety. Treatment of the illness or disease will stop the anxiety. Anxiety illnesses affect more than 23 million Americans with about 10 million Americans suffering from the most common, General Anxiety Disorder . (Harvard, 1). Anxiety disorders are characterized by extreme distress, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. There are four common types of anxiety disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder, Panic disorder, Phobias, and Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Each disorder is characterized by a set of common symptoms and can be caused by different things. This paper will focus more on Generalized Anxiety Disorder and how it can affect someones daily life. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of a multitude of Anxiety Disorders that affect many people around the world. GAD affects 6. 8 million adults, or 3. 1% of the U. S. population, in any given year. Women are twice as likely to be affected. The disorder comes on gradually and can begin across the life cycle, though the risk is highest between childhood and middle age. Although the exact cause of GAD is unknown, there is evidence that biological factors, family background, and life experiences, particularly stressful ones, play a role. ADAA). An individual suffering from GAD differs from anyone else dealing with natural anxiety due to the chronic and exaggerated worrying that can occur on a daily basis. The worries and anxieties usually are not provoked by anything, and finding the source of the worries is usually quite difficult. They are associated with daily things, such as but not limited to, health, money, family, or work. In the case of Elling, whose last name is never gi ven in the film Elling (2001), anxiety seems to rule every aspect of his life. During the opening credits we learn that the title character was a mommas boy. When she dies he is about 40, and he has to be be forcibly removed from the house by the police. He is taken to a mental institution where he has a roommate named Kjell Bjarne, who is a very large man who is obsessed with food and women , and unfamiliar with personal hygiene. Elling makes up stories, mostly about women, which Kjell Bjarne initially takes as the truth, and when he finds out that they are fiction he asks Elling to continue telling them. Very shortly into the film, and after two years, Elling and Kjell Bjarne are given a small government paid apartment in downtown Oslo. They are put under the occasional care of Frank Asli, a social worker who lets them know that they need to take care of themselves or they will be sent back to the mental institution. This is more easily said than done. Ellings first trip to the grocery store, which is made under extreme duress, is a complete fiasco. Both of them are afraid to answer the phone. Through a friendship born of desperate dependence, the skittish Elling and the boisterous Kjell Bjarne, discover they can not only survive on the outside, they can thrive. As their courage grows, the two find oddball ways to cope with society, striking up the most peculiar friendships in the most unlikely places. For Kjell Bjarne, it is the attention of the pregnant woman living in the apartment above them, and for Elling it is the epiphany of the innate poet within himself that eventually leads him to befriending an elderly man who just so happens to be a famous poet himself. When Kjell Bjarne falls in love, provoking Ellings jealousy, it is his poetry, a secret Elling keeps all to himself, that helps him cope. Far too timid to voice his writings, Elling instead buys several boxes of sauerkraut and tapes his poems to the packages, anonymously signing them â€Å"E†, and then places them back on the supermarket shelves. At the resolution of the film one of Ellings poems had been found and published in the local newspaper. Throughout the film, starting from the very beginning, Ellings neurotic behavior is apparent. When the authorities find him after his mothers death, Elling is hiding in the closet. While in the institution, Elling cant handle talking in group sessions. The two characters ignorance of the ways of the world is almost blissful. When a cashier at the railroad station asks Elling whether he wants a one-way ticket, Elling is confused, asking: â€Å"Are there other ways? What’s the quickest way? †. During his first trip to the supermarket, Elling admits that any time hes ever left the house his two worst enemies show up: dizziness and anxiety. Right outside of the supermarket doors Elling collapses and has even wet himself out of fear. Any time after Elling protests leaving the apartment and even gets irritable when anyone suggests it, coming up with excuses to send his roommate out instead. He also becomes notably irritable when their social worker challenges Elling to do things he isnt comfortable with, such as answering the telephone, which his mother had always done. When the two decide to go to a cafe on their own, breaking boundaries as Frank had told them, Elling walks in a rigid manner, unable to relax in a social setting, but admits to feeling safer with Kjell Bjarne around. He cant even order his own food properly. It is not only social settings that cause Elling to become so anxious. He thinks of all the things that could happen, mostly bad things, such as when Kjell helps the woman from upstairs, Elling automatically assumes her husband will come home and be furious, or the woman will freak out when she wakes up and find the giant Kjell, who doesnt worry about it at all. Once he discovers his latent poetic abilities, Elling even forces himself to go to a poetry meeting where he knows there will be other people, despite worrying the whole time that hell be a target of violence, but a rather vulgar poem by a young man upsets him and he leaves. An older man who had been at the meeting, Alfons, leaves as well and invites Elling out for a drink. Elling refuses at first, but then realizes he should have said yes, and winds up running in to the man again. They walk and talk, and Elling is amazed that he could open up with a complete stranger like that. The two wind up becoming good friends, so much that later Elling becomes worried that Kjell is going to steal his new friends when the Kjell decides to fix up a car for Alfons. According to the Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), the following is the criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, which is an Axis I disorder. The person may feel excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least six months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance). The person finds it difficult to control the worry. The anxiety and worry are associated with three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge, being easily fatigued, difficult concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, or sleep disturbance. The focus of the anxiety and worry is not confined to features of an Axis I disorder, e. g. , the anxiety or worry is not about having a Panic Attack (as in Panic Disorder), eing embarrassed in public (as in Social Phobia), being contaminated (as in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), being away from home or close relatives (as in Separation Anxiety Disorder), gaining weight (as in Anorexia Nervosa), having multiple physical complaints (as in Somatization Disorder), or having a serious illness (as in Hypochondriasis), and the anxiety and worry do not occur exclusively during Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairm ent in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e. g. , a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e. g. , hyperthyroidism) and does not occur exclusively during a Mood Disorder, a Psychotic Disorder, or a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (DSM, 300. 02). In the movie, Elling shows several signs of anxiety, both inside and outside of his home, which he admits to feeling. None of it seems to be connected to drug use in any way, Elling doesnt even drink beer. He worries all of the time about anything that could go wrong, such as being targeted for violence when he ventures outside on his own. This seems to be something hes struggled with for a long time, having never had any friends and only being around his mother, their two-ness, as he called it. How long he has had the anxiety is never specified. When hes in a situation he is uncomfortable with or confronted with something that worries him, he tends to go rigid, or be on edge. Hell become irritable and lash out at people when they challenge what he does or say things that upset him. He always assumes the worst of people and situations. Then there is the dizziness, or light-headedness, when he actually does go outside. He becomes startled by little things, as well, and doesnt know how to deal with them other than go quiet and rigid, or start to shake once hes lost his confidence. These symptoms cause significant distress in most social situations and functioning, even shopping for groceries. His mind tends to go blank when he is confronted with these situations. However, he never seems to lose sleep. For two years he was in the county institution, where he was forced to attend therapy and group sessions, never hinting towards being medicated at any point. He admits that he is crazy, and although he never specifies whether or not it is distressing to himself, he knows it is deviant and that it is not normal. He also knows it is dysfunctional, by not being able to care for himself without someone to hold his hand, or even answer the phone. It does not seem dangerous or harmful in any way, to himself or to others, as he never expressed feeling depressed and the thought of killing someone else, when asked, seemed appalling to him. An actual diagnosis for his neurotic tendencies is never given. Although Elling, by the end of the movie, had learned to open himself up more toward the world and found his calling within it, without further evidence than what the hour-and-thirty-minute-long movie provided, one can only assume Elling suffers from Generalized Anxiety Disorder, if not another form of an anxiety disorder as well. References Coon, D. , Essentials of Psychology, Seventh Edition (1997). Brooks/Cole Publishing, Pacific Grove, California, 526. Harvard Health Letter, (July 1998) v23 i9 p1-2, Chronic Anxiety: How to Stop Living on the Edge. ADAA. (2011). Anxiety disorders association of america. Retrieved from http://www. adaa. org/understanding-anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad http://helpguide. org/mental/generalized_anxiety_disorder. htm

Isaiah Davis Essays - Alls Well That Ends Well, William Shakespeare

Isaiah Davis One of the themes that emerge from Shakespeare's comedy All's Well That Ends Well is the conflict between old and new, age and youth, wisdom and folly, reason and passion. As one critic points out, a simple glance at the characters of the play reveals an almost equally balanced cast of old and young. "In performance it is apparent that the youth of the leading characters, Helena, Bertram, Diana and Paroles, is in each case precisely balanced by the greater age of their counterparts, the Countess, the King of France, the Widow of Florence and the old counselor Lafeu."1 Indeed, the dialectic between youth and age is established in the first act as the Countess sees a mirror of her former self in Helena's love sick countenance in scene three when she exclaims "Even so it was with me when I was young," and Bertram's worthiness to the ailing King of France in the previous scene appears to hang upon his youthful resemblance to his deceased father. As the King explains, "Such a man might be a copy to these younger times,/Which followed well would demonstrate them now/But goers-backward. Like so many literary youths of his day, Shakespeare went backward for his source material for All's Well and based the play on Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron. Boccaccio's early sixteenth-century story revolves around Gillette of Narbona, the daughter of a wealthy and respected physician. Giletta, like Helena (the daughter of the deceased--and indigent--Gerard de Narbonne), falls in love with young count Beltrami, follows him to Paris where she remedies the King's incurable disease, and, because of her newly-acquired royal favor, is granted the right to demand a husband: Beltrami. Despite the King's elitist reluctance to grant Gillette her wish (which contrasts the Shakespearean monarch's unmitigated blessing), he keeps his promise and orders the count to marry the physician's daughter. The rest of Boccaccio's story proceeds in like fashion to Shakespeare's with the exception of Gillettes arrival at Rossiglione (vs. Rossillion) with twin sons as opposed to a single fetus. As W. W. Lawrence points out, conventional folk motifs such as "The Fulfillment of the Tasks" and "The Healing of the King" undergird Boccacio's--and thus Shakespeare's--tale.2 In addition to theses narrative devices, the play also contains another folk motif, that of the "bed-trick"--a frequently used convention in Renaissance drama that allows one lover to be substituted for another unbeknownst to the first party of a particular amorous tryst. Shakespeare relies on tradition to provide character types for him as well as thematic elements. The puffed-up Platean soldier or miles gloriosus figure makes his appearance in All's Well in the guise of Parolles, who "descends from a venerable line of braggart warriors, talkers and not doers, who originate with Aristophanes and then swagger their way through Menander, Plautus, and Terrence into Elizabethan comedy. Thus, Shakespeare collects old conventions, devices and stock characters to create a new fairy-tale, one that bears the distinctive mark of tradition but reveals new insights. For Shakespeare's archetypal story is one that gives genesis to some difficult questions. As many critics testify, All's Well differs from many of Shakespeare's other comedies in its dark overtones. He illustrates certain problems at court but provides no Greenworld; he introduces a love story without two active lovers; he creates a seemingly equivocal heroine and a callow, prevaricating hero. "In this world," Anne Barton explains, "unicorns do not exist to testify to the mystic power of virginity, and Prince Charming is likely to prefer the fashionably dressed elder sisters to beauty in rags. Love itself is not simply the servant of a fantastic plot, but a matter of complex adjustments within the personality. Indeed, Shakespeare's old skins produce potent and problematic new wine for, as many critics note, the psychologically complex characters in this play prove far too sophisticated for the formal stylistic vehicle that contains them. This fairy-tale ends happily, but only if we suspend our disbelief to allow for Bertram's all too brief conversion and forgive him of certain newly rendered sins that further cast him as a rather unworthy prize. This fairy-tale ends happily if we can resolve the problems presented by Helena's character: Is she a "saintly maiden" or a "cunning vixen. It

Seeing Poverty from Sociological View Essays

Seeing Poverty from Sociological View Essays Seeing Poverty from Sociological View Essay Seeing Poverty from Sociological View Essay Poverty seems to be recognized by many people nowadays from various kinds of mass media. However, do we really understand what poverty is, why it appears and how it affects one’s life? There are much bigger problems than we could imagine from just seeing the surface of poverty on daily news. Eli Khamarov, a social theorist, says, â€Å"Poverty is like punishment for a crime you didn’t commit† (Raphael 7). People in poverty are not always poor because of themselves. The reasons are more likely to be in society we live in and political policy we accept. Poverty is not only a matter of finance. Financial problem is the direct cause of poverty, but the effects come from that are unfortunately much more problematic. It is one of the biggest problems that the modern society has to deal with, because it is strongly related with social exclusion, poor bashing and blaming victims, and social determinants of health. Those are sometimes seen as more obvious, problematic phenomena than poverty itself. First of all, it is known that poverty causes social exclusion to the poor. Percy-Smith says, â€Å"This analysis of social exclusion is primarily concerned with the societal processes that lead to groups systematically being denied the opportunity to participate in commonly accepted activities of societal membership† (Raphael 90) Social exclusion in employment situations against the poor, who are eager to work, often comes from language problems, lack of knowledge and skills, health problems, domestic problems, disabilities, being aboriginal, being women, being colored, and being recent immigrants. Many of them are not changeable, nor optional. People with those factors tend to have problems of being employed much more than those who are not with any of them. It seems very unfair and wrong that bourgeoisies, who have power, take advantages of proletariats, who do not have. However, in modern capitalism society, even if it is unfair and wrong, as Karl Marx claims, â€Å"capitalism exists because it creates patterns of unequal relations between these two classes,† (Raphael 92) it is how capitalism is supposed to be. It could be said that it is only natural that there is inequality, because both capitalism and inequality are always designed to be together. People are made to struggle with something that they should not worry. What we need is a new, solid policy that will give a well-considered, positive impact on this capitalism society. Second of all, poor bashing and blaming victims are often on people’s minds when they think about poverty and it is also problematic in order to solve poverty problem, because it is necessary for the poor to be widely understood what factors make them poor by others in order to solve poverty. In addition, there is no need of attacking the poor more when they have been in very harsh situations and struggling to get out of there. According to Jean Swanson, who is anti-poverty activist, poor bashing is â€Å"when people who are poor are stereotyped, ignored, blamed, patronized, pitied, falsely accused of being drunk and having large families and not looking for work† (Raphael 319). It might be true that even those poor themselves start accepting to be poor-bashed and blame themselves as they stay in poverty and bashing, blaming situations too long. It sadly symbolizes that they submit to unfair treatment they receive. It could come from liberalism society that gives us options and allows us to choose in many occasions, but not necessarily fully for everyone. Those poor bashing and blaming victims ideas are very dangerous, because these ideas have never solved and also will never solve poverty. People, both wealthy and poor, need to unite in order to change the way it is. The one which really need to be bashed, or blamed are the society and political policy that creating poverty. Third of all, social determinants of health caused by poverty are very serious, physical issues of being poor. Poverty and Health are sometimes sorted two very unrelated phenomena, but actually it is strongly connected. Many of the poor barely manage their daily lives, in other words, they cannot take care of their health such as exercise and weight. They also try to deal with stress and depression that come from poverty by smoking and drinking. These factors can cause death from diseases. In addition, health is not only considered as nutrition matters, it is also the environment they live in such as daily necessities, working environment and housing situation. As long as their next day is not promised, they cannot fully pay attention to their health. However, it is still extremely important for them, especially children and pregnant women living in poverty. It is a cycle of poverty that poverty produced sickly children, then they cannot get out of poverty easily because of their health conditions and they create the ame situation to their children because they are still poor. There is nothing really they could control. What they need is good health care that allows them to recover from diseases and poverty eventually. In the end, there is absolutely no rationality in poverty from the social point of view. We never create anything from social exclusion, so we need to find a reliable policy that protects the poor and is adapted to modern society. We also have get rid of the ideas, poor bashing and blaming victims, which will not lead us to better way nor create single good solution. We have to cooperate and help each other to lead ourselves to a better society. It is needless to say that for creating a better society, we do not want avoidable death of children who are full of possibilities and adults who have a lot of life experience. Better health care can make this happen. We have to face the truth that many causes of poverty are not people’s fault. Those causes are actually visible problems of our modern society. It is just not right that some people have to deal with them while others take advantages of them in the same society.

A summery of Jared Diamond's article Malthus in Africa Essay

A summery of Jared Diamond's article Malthus in Africa - Essay Example Diamond acknowledges that the obligatory conduct is more likely in standardized cultures and the government regulation was necessary. In the case of Rwandan genocide, it was found necessary for the enforcement of moral principles. Moreover, Diamond points out three approaches to solve these problems: top down imposition of environmental controls, privatization of resources, and recognition of a common interest. These approaches have different strengths and if implemented well, could be very rewarding. Factors to the collapse of commons Political Instability played a role in the collapse of the commons. According to the book by the Human Rights Watch titled Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, the genocide rustled from the deliberate choice of modern elite, who had to foster hatred and fear to keep themselves in power. In the case of the Rwandan genocide, civilian Hutus formed militias, who set the road blocks and kill Tutsi. In organizing the attacks, there were radio tr ansmissions appealing to every Hutu to kill every â€Å"cockroach†( Tutsi). It is therefore, believed that the civilians were operating under the influence of some political elites who wanted to attain their political interests. Therefore, ethnic hatred brought the conflict in Rwanda; whereby, politicians facilitated the split of the society. Diamond asserted that it is only through ethnic hatred that a community would kill itself as there were cases where the Hutu could kill Hutus. The land disputes in Rwanda undermined the cohesion of Rwandan society; the richer land owners were expected to help the poor ones but they failed because they were not rich to the extent of offering sound assistance to the poor society members. This led to the increase in cases of divorced or separated women, widows, orphans etc. According to Diamond, the conflict began even before the 1994 Rwanda genocide. The country experienced rising levels of violence and thefts, perpetrated by hungry and la ndless young people who lacked sufficient income and assignments to keep the occupied ( Malthus in Africa Rwanda Genocide Page 14). When the food yield does not further become insufficient due to the exponential growth of population, conflict may arise as the population cannot match the food production; competition on available resource (food) is experienced. The environment around us determines the productivity in the agricultural field, as well as other related fields. In this case, environmental damage can occur in many ways, which includes deforestation and habitat destruction, soil problems (erosion, Stalinization, and soil fertility losses), water management problems, overhunting, overfishing etc, and significantly affect agricultural production. In this regard, it brought the collapse of the commons, since it has a direct impact on the agricultural food production. Depletion of fossil fuels, of which Peak Oil is a major looming instance causes collapse of the commons; for ins tance, oil producing countries like Nigeria, Southern Sudan and Middle East countries have never had peace. The diamond analysis outlined the major issues that led to the collapse of the commons; for instance, the issue on the political elites using the commons to create conflict is a major factor of the political instability witnessed in some African countries. Diamond

Productivity in the Roanoke Branch Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Productivity in the Roanoke Branch - Coursework Example As I follow up, I am writing to provide details of how the executive team can help in reversing the downward spiral of employee morale and productivity. Background. As you will recall, we lost two of our most experienced technical employees at Roanoke and other have disclosed their intention to leave Phoenix. A vacuum will be created, which will be very difficult to fill. This is capable of reducing the number of a client by half in the next six months. Our overall annual revenue will consequently decrease by 37%. This will further aggravate the effect of the economic crunch which has reduced advertisement expenses by 41% nationwide, and 53% in North Carolina. Proposal. Given the above, I am proposing a new approach to managing employee relations. This approach comprises three major components: securing employee commitment, dispute resolution, and welfare. The commitment of employee especially the top management employees can be secured by establishing a two-way communication process which will help managers understand Phoenix vision, mission, objectives, and values and allow the executive team at the headquarters. This can be achieved during meetings, frequent briefings, newsletters, and circulars. Recreational and sports activities can also be used for informal communications. The commitment of employees can also be enhanced by appropriate recognition of individual employees and teams’ achievements and efforts. This will help in promoting the right attitude to work and bringing out the best in employees. Adequate recognition can be given to employees through commendation letters, honors and merit awards, and management suggestion scheme. Given the inevitability of conflicts among employees at different categories, the executive team should establish clear channels for lodging complaints, expeditiously deal with complaints and the actions taken communicated to employees in order to resolve disputes.  

The Neuropsychological Double Dissociation Psychology Essay

The Neuropsychological Double Dissociation Psychology Essay Uncomfortable bedfellows; according to Bishop this constitutes the relationship between cognitive neuropsychology and developmental disorders. Boyle et al. (2011) showed that one out of six children suffer from a developmental disorder. The ICD-10 (WHO, 1992) defines developmental disorders (DD) as fulfilling three categories: an early onset, a delay in developmental functions relating to the CNS or biological maturation and a lack of remission. The DSM-IV (APA, 2000) takes a different direction by categorising Pervasive Developmental Disorders as characterized by impaired development of reciprocal social interaction and communication skills and the presence of stereotyped behaviour, interests, and activities. Whilst the first definition describes DD like developmental Prosopagnosia (face blindness, DP) which affects around 2.47% of the population (Kennerknecht, Grueter T., Welling, Wentzek, Horst, Edwards, Grueter M., 2006), the latter definition matches the triad of impairments of autism (ASD) which has a prevalence of 1% (Boyle et al., 2011). Comorbidity of DD such as ASD and prosopagnosia can result (Bate, 2012). At the same time, around 20% of individuals over 18 years suffer from acquired brain disorders and diseases (Family Caregiver Alliance, 2012). Deficits in acquired and developmental individuals are commonly mapped out using functional models and explored via double-dissociations. These are usually derived from acquired disorder (AD) patients rather than DD patients. How these factors influence the debate of cognitive neuropsychology and DD making uncomfortable bedfellows shall be explored in the following. Several points will be discussed as having an influential role in the debate of cognitive neuropsychology (CN) accounting for developmental disorders (DD). These are: modularity, plasticity and compensation, competence and performance, differences between exploring AD and DD and the role of double-dissociations in relation to developmental versus acquired disorders as displayed in CN. The association between structural and cognitive development is gaining recognition. Developmental changes in task-specific processing such as that of faces have been argued to play an important role in the amalgamation of various brain networks and experience-based growth of neural architecture (Westermann, Sirois, Shultz, Mareschal, 2006). Also, a bidirectional interaction between behavioural and neuronal development has been established as learning supposedly influences brain structuring and vice versa. Similarly, the rate of neurogenesis arguably depends on learning and environmental circumstances (Westermann et al., 2006). (Bishop, 1997, p.902) Following on from that, cognition is executed by the growing neurofunctional network. This distributed parallel processing arguably is organised into interacting modules (Table 1), which comprise of different levels of complexity depending on the cognitive task or function carried out (Jackson, 1958). This can be illustrated by Theory of Mind (Baron-Cohen, 1995) in ASD: ToM proposes developmental impairment of the ability to appreciate own and others mental states (beliefs, desires or intentions etc). Adams (2010), Brothers (1990) theory of the Social Brain and Leslies (1991) ToM Mechanism argue that key features of ToM can be explained in terms of modularity. Marchery (forthcoming) supports this as modularity poses a crucial characteristic of biological development. Arguably, deficits are not due to minor developmental brain problems in lower-level input and consequential cascading abnormal interaction between input and higher-level systems that affect all cognitive capacities (Karmiloff-Smith, 1998; 1992; Machery, forthcoming). Nonetheless, this is what Gerrans P.,T. and Stone (2008) argue. Additionally, low-level deficits such as gaze and face processing prevent ASD individuals from having the same experience as typically developing individuals, caused by a deficit in domain-general capacity. This has the aforementioned cascading interaction effect during development rather than leading to a dysfunctional mindreading module. However, Gerrans et al. do not see development as single causality. Reconciling, Baron-Cohen (1995) postulates that ToM is either seen as innate module or explained by deficits in general learning mechanisms and unifies both in the intermediate model of Social Perception of Minimalist Innate Modularity. (Amaral, Schumann, Nordahl, 2008, p.2) Figure 1 displays brain structures associated with dysfunctions in ASD. Amaral et al. (2008) join the debate of modularity suggesting that despite functional identification of modules no clear pathology has emerged yet but rather, that e.g. Schumann and Amaral, (2004) have demonstrated that the developmental trajectory itself rather than the final product exhibits most disruption and by this posing a further point against applying CN to the explanation of DD. Functions of modularity imply, on the other hand, that one zone can belong to several overlapping neuronal networks (Damasceno, 2010).Disordered brain development can lead to structural disruption and thereby to several dysfunctions which may not appear as a specific deficit but as a syndrome (a collection of symptoms) as demonstrated in the triad of impairments in ASD (Wing Gould, 1979). Similarly, lesions to a localised brain area do not always cause isolated but sometimes collective symptoms (Kolb, Brown, Witt-Lajeunesse, Gibb, 2001). These are caused, i.a. by disturbances in interconnected regions which might appear intact on functional brain imaging scans. However, changes in neurotransmission, excitatory or inhibitory processes or blood flow might cause secondary symptoms not predicted by the data. One interesting example was proposed by Sandel, Weiss and Ivker (1990): their patient was described as amnesic after traumatic brain injury. Her impaired cognition was considered a secondary deficit as her EEG and other clinical tests proved negative. No other disruptions were present until she was eventually diagnosed with multiple personality disorder. Therefore several unexpected and seemingly unconnected functional disruptions might result from a single localised lesion. These points argue against the notion of using CN in explaining DD due to the assumptions held. Advancing to the next argument, functional (mal)development following lesions or disrupted neurogenesis might also demonstrate individual differences in brain structure, due to varying input, demands and circumstances. Thomas and Karmiloff-Smith (2003) added that specialisation/modularity is not directing development but contrarily, is the outcome of this. On the other hand, the brain activity of healthy individuals supports a normalisation process to facilitate models being created for generalisation purposes. As Tager-Flusberg (1999) counter-argues, functional variation in dysfunctional individuals is similar to that of typical population. Allegedly, localisation is universally alike thereby plasticity, compensation or adaptation to damage are neglected. Examples of compensatory processes and resulting behaviour (or v.v.?) are stimming in ASD for sensory overload (Grandin, 2009) or remembering haircuts in prosopagnosics for identification (Bate, 2012). Adaptation can express itself by change in neurochemistry, psychomotor stimulants and compensatory behaviour while it is argued that the behaviour triggers alteration in neurochemistry (Kolb et al., 2001). This in turn, points to the aforementioned bidirectionality of structure and learning which has implications for acquired as well as developmental patients and goes against explaining DD in a CN framework. At this point, double-dissociations are commonly applied to provide clues to brain-behaviour relationships. In 1955, Teuber introduced the term double-dissociation referring to mirror-deficit patients. Buchaine, Parker, and Nakayama (2003) proposed the example of NM, a prosopagnosic whose abilities support previous findings (Young, Newcombe, De Haan, Small, Hay, 1993) of a double-dissociation of identity and emotion recognition. Van Peelen, Lucas, Mayer, and Vuilleumier (2009) added that emotional guidance of attention to facial expression can be unimpaired and thus functionally differ from face identification. Interestingly, Teuber did not establish double-dissociations to discover networks within cognitive architecture (Van Orden, Pennington, Stone, 2001) as localising a lesion does not imply a responsibility for dysfunctions. Further, modularity of functional networks has not been unanimously established. Nonetheless, modularity is one key feature of CN serving the notion of double-dissociations. CN informs theories of normal cognitive function by analysing the break down of cognitive systems in atypical patients (Bullinaria Chater, 1997). However, inferring theory from damage patients is full of obstacles and depends on models of normal functioning. As Caramazza (1984) argued, double-dissociations are valid forms of inference but only if the cognitive model is well developed; only single-case studies can provide information relevant to our understanding of cognitive architecture. Contradicting, Shallice (1988) argued that a double-dissociation between two tasks does not necessarily imply a double-dissociation between cognitive processes. Since the argument concerning emergence of CN models and the role of AD and DD has not been resolved yet, a need of inclusion of further aspects becomes apparent. One aspect is Residual Normality which claims that atypical development impairs only specific domains while the rest functions typically (Thomas Karmiloff-Smith, 2002). Similar behavioural impairments demonstrated by adult brain damage and infant-onset disorders are assumed to support modularity of typical neuronal system structure. Opposing the assumption of RN, compensation due to damage causes alterations in various other modules (Thomas, 2003). Shallice (1988) introduced deriving knowledge about the neuronal system from behavioural impairments in AD and DD, such as malfunctioning ToM in autism (Leslie, 1991). As argued by Bishop and Karmiloff-Smith (1997; 1998) such an inferential process within the static model of CN leads to invalid explanations of dysfunctional development. Functional Models on the other hand do not possess a developmental component, and display what is expected to happen under various conditions in terms of functionality and processes (DMello Franklin, 2011). Thus impairments can be analysed under the assumption of RN as it has been done, for example in the study of autism and prosopagnosia (Thomas et al., 2002). Examples of models are given in Figure two and three. Despite this, it has been suggested to use connectionist models where in AD the damage is applied at the end of training and for DD prior to it as this is argued to reflect actuality in a truer light. Connectionist models indeed are suitable for the investigation of DD as behavioural deficits such as in autism (Thomas et al., 2002) can be captured well following simulated atypical development. It is highlighted that AD and DD are studied using separate models, thereby arguing against functional models within CN. Figure 2: Functional model of face-processing (Wright, Wardlaw, Young, Zeman, 2006) Figure 3: Models of Autism (Anderson and Herbert, 2008) The aforementioned factors influencing whether cognitive neuropsychology is suitable for explaining DD have given a mixed picture. Jackson and Coltheart (2001) defended the use of CN in DD stating that development itself (thus distal causes like genes or background) are irrelevant for the identification of un/healthy functions, given modularity. Whether acquired or developmental proximal (what is wrong right now) and distal causes can be deduced independently from each other. Indeed, Jackson et al. argue that common architectural issues in AD and DD can be established using CN. Bishop on the other hand postulates against this as deficits are focused on while intact processes are neglected. Further, top-down and bottom-up interactions are dismissed. Karmiloff-Smith (1998) deems these highly relevant for understanding DD. Thirdly a uniform modularity is assumed without accounting for alterations in development. Bishop proposed that AD should be researched using single-case double-dissociations while for DD, as they are likely to demonstrate associated deficits, group studies are recommended. Problematically, the debate on what constitutes a module has not been clarified yet (e.g. Fodor (2000): encapsulation, Coltheart (1999): domain specificity). Until this is established functional models and CN will not carry valid explanations nor reveal (mal)development well (Thomas et al., 2002). This underpins the view against exploring DD within a CN framework. Additionally, modularity/plasticitys scope of variation in DD and AD remains unestablished (Tager-Flusberg, 2000; Thomas et al., 2003). Humphreys, Ewing, and Karmiloff-Smith (2002) proposed the example of Williams syndrome patients possessing intact face recognition which is, however, achieved by applying processes diverging from typicality. Initially, face recognition was seen as intact despite visuospatial deficits, reduced sensitivity to inverted faces and lack of progressive development of localisation (Grice, Spratling, Karmiloff-Smith, Halit, Csibra, De Haan, Johnson, 2001). Hypothetically, assuming RN, this could be seen as double-dissociation between developmental prosopagnosia and WS. Basing modelling of DD on highly debated assumptions poses a problem for validity of the framework. Additionally, CN is accused of focusing on representational (competence) rather than processing (performance) deficits (Bishop, 1997). This, however, appears to be crucial in terms of applying research to DD. Weigelt, Koldewyn, and Kanwisher (2012) demonstrated a lack of qualitative difference (how facial identity is discriminated or remembered, competence) but rather a quantitative (how well, performance) difference in that ASD patients are impaired in memory and perception despite indication of intact face identity recognition. According to Bishop, this is another argument against applying CN to exploring DD. Concluding then, the much debated assumption of modularity held in cognitive neuropsychology overshadows exploration of disruptions during the trajectory of neuronal development. Applying double-dissociations to DD arguably yields invalid results and is more suited to acquired disorders. This is due to the assumptions within CN of Residual Normality, directionality of impact within disorders and its dependence on localisation of disruption, universality of localisation, neglect of plasticity and the focus on (in)competence. All in all, it has been proposed, while certain aspects could be overlooked, connectionist models rather than functional models would yield better results. Also, cognitive neuropsychology focuses on adult processes thus damage after complete development which is hard to match onto disorders of development. In order for CN to account validly for disorders, different models have to be applied for acquired and developmental cases.

Egyptian Jewerly and Makeup :: essays research papers

Egyptian Jewelry and Makeup   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyday in the Egyptian way of life, both men and women would adorn themselves with beautiful jewelry and makeup. Wearing these pieces of jewelry and makeup was part of their everyday life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone, man or woman, Egypt wore more type of jewelry. What kind of jewelry they wore was usually dependent on how wealthy they were. The rich wore fine jewelry made from gold, silver, or electrum inlaid with precious stones. The less wealthy wore jewelry that was made of copper or faience, which is made by heating powdered quartz.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ring and amulets were especially worn to ward off evil spirits and/or injury. Cowrie shells were worn to show the desire of the wearer to have children. They also wore jewelry with the god Heh, which means the god of ‘millions of years’, which symbolizes long life. Younger Egyptians wore charms that resembled beards or side locks of hair to symbolize youth and innocence. Perhaps the most interesting fact about jewelry was that many children wore fish amulets to prevent from downing and accidents in the Nile River.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jewelry was also a reward to people for outstanding services to the community. The jewelry was hanged out by the king. The king would lean out of windows and drops bracelets or collars to the nobles waiting respectfully below.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gold that was used to make jewelry in Egyptian times was not scarce like it is in present day. Mines between the Nile River and Red Sea coast yielded large quantities of this precious metal. They also imported precious stones from the Sinai Peninsula and even Afghanistan. The Egyptians, however, had no knowledge of the gemstones and jewels we have today, such as diamonds, emeralds, and rubies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Egyptians were big lovers of all beauty and fashion. They were such lovers of beauty that some of their names were based on the word ‘nefer’, which means beautiful. Examples of such were Nefert, Nefertiti, and Nefertari. The goddess associated with adornment was â€Å"Hathor the Golden†, who is seen as the ideal of beauty in love and poetry of the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Egyptian men and women wore makeup, such as eye paint. For their eye paint and eye shadow they used a mineral called Kohl. Apart from making their eyes look brighter, and larger, Kohl was once believed to have the value as a protection against eye disease. Its blackness also controls the sun’s glare in the desert.

The government of Australia economic policies is failing Australians

This has increased caused an increase in debt due to loss of employments. This has fur reaching effects in accounts of most institutions which those who are laid off have financial transactions with.Most of those who are laid off are servicing loans or paying for goods or services which they got on credit now they can’t afford to pay. The loans will accrue interest for the months they will not be serviced and most of them would be difficult to be repaid hence financial institutions will report high rate of loan default.Those who will manage to pay might pay it over a long period so they shall pay it with more interest. Companies which have sold goods of on services will have to involve debt collectors who they have to pay commission which would be more than they had budgeted.Companies which are lying of staff are being involved in calculations of benefits and other payments dues. They will also need to recalculate expenses to be incurred based on the staffs that are left such as office expenses.The Australia government will loss on income tax and companies dealing with pension funds will pay more this financial year which would affect their books of accounts.If the government will not put on measures to lower the unemployment rate it shall affect accounting records of different economic sectors. The effects will be realized in this financial year and subsequent years depending on how different sectors shall be able to adapt.ReferencesThe Editor, 2009, Govt policies costing jobs, Available at http://www.wabusinessnews.com.au/en-story/1/71103/Govt-policies-costing-jobs-Turnbull

Find out What Marine Conservation Is

Marine conservation is also known as ocean conservation. The health of all life on Earth depends (directly or indirectly) on a healthy ocean. As humans began to realize their increasing impacts on the ocean, the field of marine conservation arose in response. This article discusses the definition of marine conservation, techniques used in the field, and some of the most important ocean conservation issues. Marine Conservation Definition Marine conservation is the protection of marine species and ecosystems in oceans and seas worldwide. It involves not only protection and restoration of species, populations, and habitats but also mitigating human activities such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, whaling and other issues that impact marine life and habitats. A related term you may encounter is marine conservation biology, which is the use of science to solve conservation issues.   Brief History of Ocean Conservation People became more aware of their impacts on the environment in the 1960s and 1970s. Around this same time, Jacques Cousteau brought the wonder of the oceans to people through television. As scuba diving technology improved, more people took to the undersea world. Whalesong recordings fascinated the public, helped people recognize whales as sentient beings, and led to whaling bans. Also in the 1970s, laws were passed in the U.S. regarding protection of marine mammals (Marine Mammal Protection Act), protection of endangered species (Endangered Species Act), overfishing (Magnuson Stevens Act) and clean water (Clean Water Act), and establishing a National Marine Sanctuary Program (Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act). In addition, the  International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships was enacted to reduce ocean pollution. In more recent years, as ocean issues came to the forefront, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy was established in 2000 to develop recommendations for a new and comprehensive national ocean policy.  This led to the creation of the National Ocean Council, which is charged with implementing the National Ocean Policy, which establishes a framework for managing the ocean, Great Lakes, and coastal areas, encourages more coordination between the Federal, state and local agencies charged with managing ocean resources, and using marine spatial planning effectively. Marine Conservation Techniques Marine conservation work can be done by enforcing and creating laws, such as the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act. It can also be done by establishing marine protected areas, studying populations through conducting stock assessments and mitigating human activities with the goal of restoring populations.   An important part of marine conservation is outreach and education. A popular environmental education quote by conservationist Baba Dioum states that In the end, we will conserve only what we love; we will love only what we understand; and we will understand only what we are taught. Marine Conservation Issues Current and emerging issues in marine conservation include: Ocean acidificationClimate change and warming ocean temperatures.Sea level riseReducing bycatch in marine fisheries and entanglements in fishing gear.Establishing marine protected areas  to protect important habitats, commercially and/or recreationally-valuable species and feeding and breeding areas.Regulating whalingProtecting coral reefs through studying the problem of coral bleaching.Addressing the worldwide problem of invasive species.Marine debris and the issue of plastics in the ocean.Dealing with the problem of shark finning.Oil spills (an issue the public became well aware of thanks to the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon spills).The ongoing debate of the appropriateness of cetaceans in captivity.Studying and protecting endangered species (e.g., North Atlantic right whale, vaquita, sea turtles, monk seals and many other threatened and endangered species). References and Further Information: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Story: Marine Conservation. Accessed November 30, 2015.ScienceDaily Reference. Marine Conservation. Accessed November 30, 2015.U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. 2004. Review of U.S. Ocean and Coastal Law: The Evolution of Ocean Governance Over Three Decades. Accessed November 30. 2015.  U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. About the Commission.  Accessed November 30, 2015.The United States Environmental Protection Agency. Ocean Dumping Timeline. Accessed November 30, 2015.